Create SSH密钥部署及安全加固脚本

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2025-11-16 15:30:45 +08:00
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#!/bin/bash
# SSH密钥部署及安全加固脚本
# 功能:
# 1. 自动生成SSH密钥对默认密码88888888
# 2. 部署公钥到多台服务器
# 3. 安全加固:禁用密码登录(仅在所有密钥部署验证成功后)
# 4. 提供回滚机制防止锁定
# 配置参数
KEY_DIR="$HOME/.ssh" # 密钥存放目录
KEY_NAME="auto_key" # 密钥名称
KEY_PASSWORD="88888888" # 固定密钥密码
KEY_TYPE="ed25519" # 默认使用更安全的Ed25519算法
SSH_PORT="22" # 默认SSH端口
TEMP_BACKUP="/tmp/ssh_backup" # 临时备份目录
LOCKFILE="/tmp/ssh_secure.lock" # 安全操作锁文件
# 颜色定义
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color
# 检查并安装依赖
install_deps() {
local deps=(ssh-keygen ssh sshpass expect)
local missing=()
for dep in "${deps[@]}"; do
if ! command -v "$dep" &>/dev/null; then
missing+=("$dep")
fi
done
if [ ${#missing[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
echo -e "${YELLOW}正在安装依赖: ${missing[*]}${NC}"
if command -v apt-get &>/dev/null; then
apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq "${missing[@]}" >/dev/null || {
echo -e "${RED}依赖安装失败${NC}"; return 1
}
elif command -v yum &>/dev/null; then
yum install -y -q "${missing[@]}" >/dev/null || {
echo -e "${RED}依赖安装失败${NC}"; return 1
}
else
echo -e "${RED}不支持的包管理器,请手动安装: ${missing[*]}${NC}"
return 1
fi
fi
return 0
}
# 生成SSH密钥
generate_key() {
echo -e "${BLUE}正在生成${NC} ${YELLOW}${KEY_TYPE}${NC} ${BLUE}类型SSH密钥...${NC}"
[ -d "$KEY_DIR" ] || mkdir -p "$KEY_DIR"
chmod 700 "$KEY_DIR"
ssh-keygen -t "$KEY_TYPE" -C "auto-deploy-key" -N "$KEY_PASSWORD" -f "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}" -q || {
echo -e "${RED}密钥生成失败${NC}"; return 1
}
chmod 600 "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}"
chmod 644 "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}.pub"
echo -e "${GREEN}密钥生成成功:${NC}"
echo -e "私钥: ${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}"
echo -e "公钥: ${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}.pub"
return 0
}
# 测试密钥登录
test_key_login() {
local server="$1"
local user="${2:-root}"
echo -e "${BLUE}测试密钥登录 ${user}@${server}...${NC}"
if ! ssh -i "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}" -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o ConnectTimeout=5 \
"${user}@${server}" "echo -n" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo -e "${RED}密钥登录测试失败 - ${user}@${server}${NC}"
return 1
fi
echo -e "${GREEN}密钥登录测试成功 - ${user}@${server}${NC}"
return 0
}
# 部署公钥到服务器
deploy_key() {
local server="$1"
local user="${2:-root}"
local port="${3:-22}"
echo -e "${BLUE}正在部署到 ${user}@${server}:${port}...${NC}"
# 备份原authorized_keys
sshpass -p "$KEY_PASSWORD" ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$port" "${user}@${server}" \
"[ -f ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ] && cp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.bak" 2>/dev/null
# 部署新密钥
if ! sshpass -p "$KEY_PASSWORD" ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$port" "${user}@${server}" \
"mkdir -p ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh && \
grep -q \"\$(cat ${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}.pub)\" ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 2>/dev/null || \
cat ${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && \
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys" 2>/dev/null; then
echo -e "${RED}公钥部署失败 - ${user}@${server}${NC}"
return 1
fi
# 验证部署
if ! test_key_login "$server" "$user"; then
echo -e "${RED}部署验证失败 - ${user}@${server}${NC}"
# 尝试回滚
sshpass -p "$KEY_PASSWORD" ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$port" "${user}@${server}" \
"[ -f ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.bak ] && mv -f ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.bak ~/.ssh/authorized_keys" 2>/dev/null
return 1
fi
echo -e "${GREEN}成功部署到 ${user}@${server}${NC}"
return 0
}
# 安全加固 - 禁用密码登录
secure_server() {
local server="$1"
local user="${2:-root}"
local port="${3:-22}"
# 创建锁文件防止重复操作
touch "$LOCKFILE"
echo -e "${YELLOW}正在安全加固 ${user}@${server}...${NC}"
# 备份原sshd配置
ssh -i "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$port" "${user}@${server}" \
"sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" || {
echo -e "${RED}配置备份失败 - ${user}@${server}${NC}"; return 1
}
# 修改配置禁用密码登录
ssh -i "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$port" "${user}@${server}" \
"sudo sed -i 's/^#*PasswordAuthentication.*/PasswordAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && \
sudo sed -i 's/^#*PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config && \
sudo systemctl reload sshd" || {
echo -e "${RED}安全配置失败 - ${user}@${server}${NC}"
# 尝试回滚
ssh -i "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$port" "${user}@${server}" \
"sudo mv -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sudo systemctl reload sshd" 2>/dev/null
return 1
}
# 二次验证
if ! test_key_login "$server" "$user"; then
echo -e "${RED}安全加固后验证失败 - 正在回滚${NC}"
ssh -i "${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$port" "${user}@${server}" \
"sudo mv -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak /etc/ssh/sshd_config && sudo systemctl reload sshd" 2>/dev/null
return 1
fi
echo -e "${GREEN}安全加固成功 - ${user}@${server}${NC}"
return 0
}
# 显示帮助
show_help() {
echo -e "${BLUE}使用说明:${NC}"
echo "1. 仅生成密钥: $0"
echo "2. 生成并部署到服务器: $0 [用户名] 服务器1 [服务器2 ...] [端口]"
echo -e "\n${YELLOW}示例:${NC}"
echo "生成密钥: $0"
echo "部署到多台服务器: $0 root server1.example.com server2.example.com 22"
}
# 主函数
main() {
# 检查root权限
if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
echo -e "${RED}请使用root用户运行此脚本${NC}"
exit 1
fi
# 安装依赖
install_deps || exit 1
# 生成密钥
generate_key || exit 1
# 如果没有提供服务器参数,则只生成密钥
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
echo -e "${GREEN}SSH密钥已生成但没有指定部署服务器${NC}"
show_help
exit 0
fi
# 解析参数
local user="root"
local servers=()
local port="22"
# 第一个参数可能是用户名
if [[ "$1" != *.* ]] && [[ "$1" != *:* ]] && [[ "$1" != "root" ]]; then
user="$1"
shift
fi
# 最后一个参数可能是端口号
if [[ "${@: -1}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
port="${@: -1}"
servers=("${@:1:$#-1}")
else
servers=("$@")
fi
# 部署到所有服务器
local all_success=true
for server in "${servers[@]}"; do
deploy_key "$server" "$user" "$port" || {
all_success=false
echo -e "${RED}${server} 部署失败,跳过安全加固${NC}"
continue
}
done
# 只有所有服务器都部署成功才进行安全加固
if $all_success; then
echo -e "${YELLOW}所有服务器部署成功,开始安全加固...${NC}"
for server in "${servers[@]}"; do
secure_server "$server" "$user" "$port" || {
echo -e "${RED}${server} 安全加固失败${NC}"
all_success=false
}
done
fi
# 清理锁文件
rm -f "$LOCKFILE"
# 最终状态报告
if $all_success; then
echo -e "\n${GREEN}所有操作成功完成!${NC}"
echo -e "${YELLOW}重要信息:${NC}"
echo -e "密钥位置: ${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME}"
echo -e "密钥密码: ${KEY_PASSWORD}"
echo -e "已禁用密码登录的服务器: ${servers[*]}"
echo -e "\n${BLUE}您现在可以使用密钥登录这些服务器:${NC}"
echo "ssh -i ${KEY_DIR}/${KEY_NAME} ${user}@服务器地址 -p ${port}"
else
echo -e "\n${RED}部分操作失败,请检查上述错误信息${NC}"
echo -e "${YELLOW}注意: 未成功加固的服务器仍允许密码登录${NC}"
exit 1
fi
}
# 执行主函数
main "$@"